为了展示代码方便我全部放到一个测试类中，可以直接拿来Debug

package org.example;


import lombok.ToString;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.named.NamedContextFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;

import java.util.List;

@SpringBootTest
	public class NamedContextFactoryTest {

		private static final String PROPERTY_NAME = "custom.client.name";


		@Test
		public void context() {
			// 创建 parent context
			AnnotationConfigApplicationContext parent = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
			// parent context 的 Bean，可以被子容器继承
			parent.register(ParentConfig.class);
			// 初始化 parent
			parent.refresh();

			// 创建子容器
			CustomSpecification aServiceSpec = new CustomSpecification("AService", new Class[]{AServiceConfig.class});
			CustomSpecification bServiceSpec = new CustomSpecification("BService", new Class[]{BServiceConfig.class});
			// 默认使用配置 commonConfig
			CustomNamedContextFactory customNamedContextFactory = new CustomNamedContextFactory(CommonConfig.class);
			// SpringBoot 中无需手动设置，会自动注入 parent
			customNamedContextFactory.setApplicationContext(parent);
			// 添加子容器到父容器中
			customNamedContextFactory.setConfigurations(List.of(aServiceSpec, bServiceSpec));

			// 准备工作完成，现在开始通过 NamedContextFactory get Bean
			ParentBean aParentBean = customNamedContextFactory.getInstance("AService", ParentBean.class);
			CommonBean aCommonBean = customNamedContextFactory.getInstance("AService", CommonBean.class);
			AServiceBean aServiceBean = customNamedContextFactory.getInstance("AService", AServiceBean.class);

			ParentBean bParentBean = customNamedContextFactory.getInstance("BService", ParentBean.class);
			CommonBean bCommonBean = customNamedContextFactory.getInstance("BService", CommonBean.class);
			BServiceBean bServiceBean = customNamedContextFactory.getInstance("BService", BServiceBean.class);

			// 获取到相同的parent bean
			Assertions.assertEquals(aParentBean, bParentBean);
			// 获取到不同的common bean
			Assertions.assertNotEquals(aCommonBean, bCommonBean);
			// 获取到各自的service bean
			Assertions.assertNotNull(aServiceBean);
			Assertions.assertNotNull(bServiceBean);

			System.out.println(aParentBean);
			System.out.println(bParentBean);
			System.out.println(aCommonBean);
			System.out.println(bCommonBean);
			System.out.println(aServiceBean);
			System.out.println(bServiceBean);
		}


		static class CustomNamedContextFactory extends NamedContextFactory<CustomSpecification> {

			public CustomNamedContextFactory(Class<?> defaultConfigType) {
				super(defaultConfigType, "custom", PROPERTY_NAME);
				}

				}

				static class CustomSpecification implements NamedContextFactory.Specification {

				private String name;

				private Class<?>[] configuration;

				public CustomSpecification(String name, Class<?>[] configuration) {
				this.name = name;
				this.configuration = configuration;
				}

				@Override
				public String getName() {
				return name;
				}

				@Override
				public Class<?>[] getConfiguration() {
				return configuration;
				}
				}

				@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
				static class ParentConfig {
				@Bean
				public ParentBean parentBean() {
				return new ParentBean();
				}
				}

				static class ParentBean {
				}

				@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
				static class CommonConfig {
				@Bean
				CommonBean commonBean(Environment environment, ParentBean parentBean) {
				//在创建 NamedContextFactory 里面的子 ApplicationContext 的时候，会指定 name，这个 name 对应的属性 key 即 PROPERTY_NAME
				return new CommonBean(environment.getProperty(PROPERTY_NAME), parentBean);
				}
				}

				@ToString
				static class CommonBean {
				private final String name;
				private final ParentBean parentBean;

				public CommonBean(String name, ParentBean parentBean) {
				this.name = name;
				this.parentBean = parentBean;
				}
				}

				@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
				static class AServiceConfig {
				@Bean
				public AServiceBean aServiceBean(CommonBean commonBean) {
				return new AServiceBean(commonBean);
				}
				}

				@ToString
				static class AServiceBean {
				private final CommonBean commonBean;

				public AServiceBean(CommonBean commonBean) {
				this.commonBean = commonBean;
				}
				}

				@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
				static class BServiceConfig {
				@Bean
				public BServiceBean bServiceBean(CommonBean commonBean) {
				return new BServiceBean(commonBean);
				}
				}

				@ToString
				static class BServiceBean {
				private final CommonBean commonBean;

				public BServiceBean(CommonBean commonBean) {
				this.commonBean = commonBean;
				}
				}




				}

输出结果如下：

org.example.NamedContextFactoryTest$ParentBean@6fc6deb7
org.example.NamedContextFactoryTest$ParentBean@6fc6deb7
NamedContextFactoryTest.CommonBean(name=AService, parentBean=org.example.NamedContextFactoryTest$ParentBean@6fc6deb7)
NamedContextFactoryTest.CommonBean(name=BService, parentBean=org.example.NamedContextFactoryTest$ParentBean@6fc6deb7)
NamedContextFactoryTest.AServiceBean(commonBean=NamedContextFactoryTest.CommonBean(name=AService, parentBean=org.example.NamedContextFactoryTest$ParentBean@6fc6deb7))
NamedContextFactoryTest.BServiceBean(commonBean=NamedContextFactoryTest.CommonBean(name=BService, parentBean=org.example.NamedContextFactoryTest$ParentBean@6fc6deb7))